Peritoneal cavity phagocytes from the teleost sea bass express a glucocorticoid receptor (cloned and sequenced) involved in genomic modulation of the in vitro chemiluminescence response to zymosan

To gain further insight into the role of cortisol in fish innate immune responses, we cloned and sequenced a 2592 bp cDNA from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) peritoneal leukocytes (PCLs) encoding a glucocorticoid receptor (DlGR1). The deduced aminoacid sequence displayed that DlGR1 belong to a multigenic family of steroid hormone receptors, and exhibited high homology (80%) to the Burton’s mouth breeder (Haplochromis burtoni) HbGR1. The DlGR1 functional domains presented homologies with those of several vertebrate species. In situ hybridization assay revealed that DlGR1 was expressed in macrophages and neutrophils from the peritoneal cavity. Since in a previous paper, sea bass PCL chemiluminescence response (CL) has been related to increased respiratory burst of phagocytes stimulated with zymosan, PCLs, pre-incubated in vitro with cortisol at various concentrations, were assayed for their CL response. Dose-dependent cortisol inhibitory effects, and significant competitive activity of a low concentration of mifepristone (RU486), a glucocorticoid-receptor blocker, supported that cortisol–GR interaction was involved in modulating CL response via a genomic pathway. Results also indicated that cortisol could be effective through an additional not-genomic way, and showed that high doses of RU486 exerted an inhibitory effect on PCL chemiluminescence activity.