How induced pluripotent stem cells are redefining personalized medicine

• Differentiated cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem-like cells.
• Induced pluripotency has become an invaluable tool to model diseases.
• iPS cells provide a platform to study and correct genetic disorders.
• Direct reprogramming may be suitable for cell-specific therapy in vivo.

Since the generation of the first induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the stem cell field has grown at an unparalleled pace. Today, these cells have become the major tools in the advancement of personalized medicine. Here we review the experiments that lead to their discovery as well as the latest developments in iPS cell biology. By emphasizing the current applications and limitations of induced pluripotency, we discuss how iPS cells are shaping innovation in personalized therapies. In addition, we analyze the major landmarks in direct lineage reprogramming, a potentially faster alternative to the use of iPS cells in therapy. Finally, we present the current progress in disease modeling and future directions of the treatment of genetic disorders.