Effects of gestational allopregnanolone administration in rats bred for high affective behavior

The anxiolytic neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one or 3α,5α-THP) has been proposed to play a developmental role in emergent neural regulation of affective behavior. This experiment examined whether allopregnanolone administered during the last week of gestation in rats would alter neonatal and adult offspring behaviors in the selectively-bred High vocalizing line, who have low levels of allopregnanolone and high levels of anxious/depressive behaviors. Dams were injected twice a day with the neurosteroid or vehicle, or handled as controls, and were tested on the elevated plus maze just before parturition. Maternal behavior was assessed throughout the first week of life, and affective behavior in the offspring was tested at one week of age (ultrasonic vocalizations test) and as adults (plus maze and forced swim tests). Offspring prenatally exposed to allopregnanolone were less anxious as neonates and less depressed as adults compared to both control groups. Only male adult offspring, however, revealed less anxious behavior on the plus maze. Neither the dams' anxiety behavior measured in late gestation nor their postnatal maternal behavior was altered compared to controls, suggesting a direct, long-lasting effect of gestational allopregnanolone on the developing fetal brain independent of mediating maternal factors. These results are discussed in light of new evidence about the developmental role of the GABA-A receptor prenatally.