Numerical study of Slotted-Web–Reduced-Flange moment connection

Reduced Beam Section (RBS) and Slotted Beam Web (SBW) are two types of seismic resistant moment connections that were introduced after the 1994 Northridge earthquake. These connections have been tested under cyclic loading and have had acceptable performance. In this paper, a new hybrid connection is introduced that is composed of RBS and SBW and is named Slotted-Web–Reduced-Flange (SWRF). Nonlinear finite element analyses are performed on SWRF under cyclic loading. It is shown that the new connection in some cases performs better than its RBS and SBW predecessors. The effects of panel zone strength, continuity plates and slot length are also investigated.

► We document invertebrate and vertebrate traces from Lake Kemp, Texas.
► The tetrapod track assemblage well represents the Early Permian tetrapod ichnofauna.
► Tracks of temnospondyls, seymouriamorphs, diadectomorphs and amniotes dominate.
► Wolfcampian-Leonardian tetrapod footprints are a single biostratigraphic assemblage.