Design of a Coupled Thermoresponsive Hydrogel and Robotic System for Postinfarct Biomaterial Injection Therapy

A coupled thermoresponsive hydrogel and robotic injection system incorporating a temperature-controlled injectate line was capable of targeted injections and amenable to use with a subxiphoid transepicardial approach for hydrogel injection after myocardial infarction. The confirmation of precise location and depth injections would facilitate a patient-specific planning strategy to optimize injection patterning to maximize the mechanical benefits of hydrogel placement.