Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis After Antegrade and Retrograde Cardioplegia During Aortic Valve Surgery

In contrast to antegrade cardioplegia, retrograde cardioplegia is associated with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, impaired immediate postoperative systolic function, and lack of long-term favorable left ventricle remodeling after aortic valve replacement, suggesting inadequate myocardial protection.