Modes of Failure in Explanted Mitroflow Pericardial Valves

Structural valve deterioration was observed in 100% of the Mitroflow pericardial valves that had been in place for more than 2 years. The high rate of para-stent post cusp tears, calcification, and tissue degeneration suggests a link to the design, likely associated with mechanical stress, in addition to abrasion with the cross-sutures and Dacron fabric at the stent posts.