Impact of Noncardiac Congenital and Genetic Abnormalities on Outcomes in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Survival in hypoplastic left heart syndrome is strongly influenced by the presence of noncardiac abnormalities. Strategies to improve mortality in infants with noncardiac abnormalities should be explored. Presence of chromosomal defects, especially Turner syndrome, should enter decision-management options for parents and physicians.