Transapical Off-Pump Valve-in-Valve Implantation in Patients With Degenerated Aortic Xenografts

Valve-in-valve implantation is a truly minimally invasive procedure for redo treatment of failed aortic valve xenografts in high-risk elderly patients. The Edwards Sapien valve is well suited for VinV implantation, and this technique may become a routine procedure to treat degenerated xenografts in the future.