Crosstalk Between Thrombosis and Inflammation in Lung Reperfusion Injury

Thrombin promotes lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, as hirudin protected against experimental acute lung injury. Hirudin conferred protection through a mechanism independent of nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor α, suggesting that its effects may be mediated by a parallel, synergistic inflammatory pathway through activator protein-1 and early growth response-1.