Increased Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha and Bcl-2 in Varicocele and Varicose Veins

Our findings revealed increased expression of HIF-1α and Bcl-2 in varicocele and varicose veins and increased Bcl-2 expression especially in the endothelium under hypoxia. Thus, Bcl-2 overexpression may protect cells against apoptosis and contribute to the dilated thickened walls seen in both types of diseased vessels.