Surgical Challenges in the Treatment of Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava: Analysis of Two Cases and Brief Review of the Literature

Radical surgical en bloc resection is the mainstay of treatment for IVC leiomyosarcomas. Extensive vascular reconstruction techniques may be necessary to restore adequate venous return to the IVC after tumor resection, and combination with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been shown to prolong disease-free survival rates.