Port site hernia in laparoscopic surgery: Mechanism, prevention and management

Port site hernia (PSH) is a rare type of incisional hernia occurring at port sites after laparoscopic surgery. Larger trocar size and improper port site sheath closure are considered to be the most important predisposing factors. In many instances, this condition may be overlooked due to short follow-up of the patients after surgery, and lack of knowledge of clinicians about this clinical entity. This article is aimed to review the applied surgical anatomy related to PSH and trocar placement and the gradual evolution in the design of trocars. Herein, we have also discussed the burden of the disease, techniques for prevention, diagnosis and management of PSH.