Novel determinants preventing achievement of major cardiovascular targets in type 2 diabetes

BackgroundT2DM management requires tight control of 3 critical quality indicators to prevent vascular complications: LDL-C, SBP, and HbA1c. This study evaluated the rate of T2DM patients attaining these critical quality indicators, and the pathophysiological or cardiometabolic traits predicting goal achievement.Patients and methodsCross-sectional analysis evaluating combined goal achievement (LDL-C < 100 mg/dL; SBP < 130 mmHg and HbA1c < 7.0%) in 1005 T2DM outpatients (654 men) followed in a university hospital multidisciplinary department. Triple-goal achievers were compared to non-achievers regarding sociodemographics; anthropometrics; homeostatic model assessment (HOMA; β-cell function (B); insulin sensitivity (S); hyperbolic product (B × S)); CV and glucose-lowering drugs; micro-/macro-vascular outcomes; and 10-year UKPDS risk.ResultsEighty-eight patients (9%; ((3 targets) group) reached all goals, whereas 917 patients (91%; ((0–2 target(s)) group) missed 1, 2 or all 3 goals. Compared to (0–2 target(s)), (3 targets) had shorter diabetes duration; less familial diabetes history; lower waist/visceral fat; higher β-cell function and hyperbolic product (B × S); lower (B × S) loss rate and less metabolic syndrome (all p < 0.05). They had lower apoB and triglycerides; and a 28% prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia (vs. 40% in (0–2 target(s)); p 0.0398). Microangiopathy (36% vs. 53%) and 10-year CAD risk (13% vs. 18%) were also significantly lower in (3 targets).ConclusionsThe subset of T2DM patients achieving all critical quality indicators are characterized by a less severe cardiometabolic phenotype, while exhibiting a less pronounced alteration of their residual β-cell function. These differences are related to fewer microvascular outcomes and lower 10-year CV risk.