High Compression Pressure over the Calf is More Effective than Graduated Compression in Enhancing Venous Pump Function

BackgroundGraduated compression is routinely employed as standard therapy for chronic venous insufficiency.AimThe study aims to compare the haemodynamic efficiency of a multi-component graduated compression bandage (GCB) versus a negative graduated compression bandage (NGCB) applied with higher pressure over the calf.MethodsIn 20 patients, all affected by greater saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence and candidates for surgery (Clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic data, CEAP C2-C5), the ejection fraction of the venous calf pump was measured using a plethysmographic method during a standardised walking test without compression, with GCB and NGCB, all composed of the same short-stretch material. Sub-bandage pressures were measured simultaneously over the distal leg and over the calf.ResultsNGCBs with median pressures higher at the calf (62 mmHg) than at the distal leg (50 mmHg) achieved a significantly higher increase of ejection fraction (median +157%) compared with GCB, (+115%) with a distal pressure of 54 mmHg and a calf pressure of 28 mmHg (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with severe venous incompetence have a greater haemodynamic benefit from NGCB, especially during standing and walking, than from GCB.