Hybrid epicardial-endocardial ablation using a pericardioscopic technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation

BackgroundCatheter ablation is an effective treatment for medically refractory, disabling atrial fibrillation (AF). Ablation success may be limited in patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF. A pericardioscopic, hybrid epicardial-endocardial technique for AF ablation may be a preferred approach for such patients. Limited data are available using such an approach.ObjectiveTo evaluate 1-year outcomes of a hybrid technique for AF ablation.MethodsA cohort of 101 patients underwent AF ablation using a transdiaphragmatic pericardioscopic, hybrid epicardial-endocardial technique. Patients were followed with 24-hour Holter monitors at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and follow-up by using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Severity of Atrial Fibrillation scale.ResultsMean AF duration was 5.9 years; 47% were persistent and 37% were long-standing persistent. Mean left atrial size was 5.1 cm (range 3.3–7 cm). Overall, 12-month arrhythmia-free survival was 66.3% after a single ablation procedure and 70.5% including repeat ablation. Repeat ablation was required in 6% of the patients and antiarrhythmic drug therapy in 37% of the patients. Quality of life improved significantly and was durable over 12-month follow-up. There were 2 deaths, which occurred in the early postoperative period: one due to atrioesophageal fistula and the second due to sudden cardiac death without apparent cause by autopsy.ConclusionsWe report the largest series to date of a hybrid epicardial-endocardial, stand-alone ablation procedure using a pericardioscopic technique for the treatment of AF. While respecting the identified complications, our results demonstrate a high potential for successful treatment in a challenging patient population with AF.