Re-assessing the mechanism of action of n − 3 PUFAs

Recent evidence has been accumulated showing that use of dietary n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n − 3 PUFAs) produces significant benefits in counteracting many disease states, including coronary atherosclerosis, fatal arrhythmias and heart failure. Besides the mass of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of using n − 3 PUFAs, identification of clear molecular targets or an appropriate dosing strategy for these compounds still remain to be better elucidated. On the other hand, whilst n − 3 PUFAs have shown promise in all of these areas, results arising from clinical trials and ‘real-world’ evidence sometimes appear controversial. Here we report on recent advances in molecular targets identified for better assessment of the mode of action of these interesting compounds. In addition, some appealing hypotheses of their antioxidant properties will be discussed for better characterisation of their mode of action and potential use in health and disease.