Neurohormonal activity and vascular properties late after aortic coarctation repair

BackgroundCoarctation of aorta (CoA) patients present cardiovascular complications late after repair the causes of which are not fully understood. Our study investigates the neurohormonal and immune activation and the elastic properties of the aorta and peripheral vessels in adult patients with coarctation of aorta (CoA), late after repair.MethodsNineteen adult patients with repaired CoA and 29 matched healthy controls underwent aortic distensibility, stiffness index, a study of the elastic properties of peripheral vessels proximal to the coarctation site and measurement of plasma cytokine and neurohormone levels.ResultsDistensibility index was reduced (p = 0.02) and stiffness index was increased (p = 0.005) in CoA patients compared to control. Augmentation index (p = 0.0007) and augmented pressure (p = 0.001) were higher in CoA patients and Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) index was reduced (p = 0.009). Plasma levels of sICAM-1 (p = 0.01), sVCAM-1 (p = 0.05), E-selectin (p = 0.01), sFas-ligand (p = 0.02) and IL-10 (p = 0.01) were also elevated in CoA patients vs control. TNF-a, IL-6, Endothelin-1 and NT-pro-BNP levels were not.ConclusionsAdults with repaired CoA seem to develop a late inflammatory reaction, which reflects a functional problem in all vessels, regardless of the initial lesion. This may explain the late complications of the disease despite early repair and improved surgical procedures.