Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome (takotsubo cardiomyopathy) as a complication of permanent pacemaker implantation

BackgroundTakotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare and newly described clinical entity characterized by transient left ventricular apical ballooning and left ventricular apical dyskinesis in the absence of angiographic evidence of significant coronary vessel disease found predominantly in post-menopausal women. It was first documented in the USA in 2004, and it has previously been described only in Japanese and Caucasian patients.Case reportA 77-year-old Native Hawaiian woman was admitted to the hospital for severe bradycardia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that normal ventricular function has been documented by echocardiography just prior to the development of the syndrome of transient left ventricular apical ballooning.MethodsRetrospective review of the reported patient's medical record, cardiac angiography and ventriculography, echocardiography, and ECGs.DiscussionThe patient reported manifested all of the diagnostic criteria for transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome proposed by the Mayo Clinic. The finding of normal cardiac morphology and contractility by echocardiography two days prior to diagnosis shows that this syndrome develops rapidly. The case reported here is the first time that transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome has been documented in a Native Hawaiian patient in a tropical location, suggesting that transient left ventricular apical ballooning likely occurs across all ethnic and geographical lines.