Early and Late Effects of Passive Epicardial Constraint on Left Ventricular Geometry: Ellipsoidal Re-shaping Confirmed by Electron-beam Computed Tomography

Three-dimensional data obtained by CT demonstrate that passive cardiac constraint leads not only to a size reduction but also to an ellipsoidal re-shaping. Our data indicate that these effects are primarily a short-term consequence of the CSD implantation but are maintained during long-term follow-up.