Increased Expression of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Mast Cell Density But Not of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme II in Late Stages of Human Heart Failure

These data document a decompensation of vasoactive systems that may contribute to the progressive impairment of the myocardial function in HF. On the other hand, ACE2 mRNA expression is not altered in human end-stage HF.