Aminoterminal brain-type natriuretic peptide levels correlate with heart failure in patients with bidirectional Glenn anastomosis and with morbidity after the Fontan operation

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to generate normal values of aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide in children with a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis without congestive heart failure and to test the hypothesis that plasma levels of aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide correlate with the clinical severity of congestive heart failure and morbidity after the Fontan operation.MethodsAminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels of 78 patients after the bidirectional Glenn operation with a median age of 3.2 years and a median follow-up time of 3 years were measured by using an automated enzyme immunoassay. The severity of heart failure was quantified by using the New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index.ResultsThe 97.5th percentile of aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide level in patients without congestive heart failure was 339 pg/mL. Aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels strongly correlated with the New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index score (P < .001). In patients with congestive heart failure (31/78), the aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher (median, 670 pg/mL) than in patients without congestive heart failure (median, 171 pg/mL). In 41 patients who underwent the Fontan operation, the time to removal of chest tubes and the length of hospital stay positively correlated with the preoperative value of aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide.ConclusionsIn children with a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis without signs of heart failure, aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels were within the normal range and correlated with the severity of congestive heart failure. Further studies are needed to determine whether aminoterminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels can aide clinicians in the early detection of congestive heart failure in this patient group.