Rationale and practical techniques for mouse models of early vein graft adaptations

Mouse models serve as relatively new yet powerful research tools to study intimal hyperplasia and wall remodeling of vein bypass graft failure. Several model variations have been reported in the past decade. However, the approach demands thoughtful preparation, selected sophisticated equipment, microsurgical technical expertise, advanced tissue processing, and data acquisition. This review compares several described models and aims (building on our personal experiences) to practically aid the investigators who want to utilize mouse models of vein graft failure.

Clinical RelevanceSurgical revascularization via vein grafting offers immediate and often dramatic end organ benefit. However, substantial percentages of vein conduits placed develop stenosis or fail, often early. Mechanistic studies of the complex interplay between the biologic and physical forces that drive failure have been hampered by limited quantity and quality of clinical specimens, and the inability of systems such as computer models and cell culture to mimic the clinical circumstance. This review summarizes the power and limitations of mouse vein graft models, and it includes practical experience-based advice for researchers aiming to utilize this tool.