Modeling of small wind turbines based on PMSG with diode bridge for sensorless maximum power tracking

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) with diode bridge is frequently used in small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). This configuration is robust and cheap, and therefore suitable for small WECS. In order to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with no mechanical sensors, it is possible to impose the relationship between the DC voltage and the DC current on the optimum operating points. However, this relationship is difficult to calculate theoretically since the whole system is involved. In fact, as there is no model of the whole system in the literature, the optimum curve IL∗(Vdc) is obtained with experimental tests or simulations. This paper develops an accurate model of the whole WECS, thereby making it possible to relate the electrical variables to the mechanical ones. With this model, it is possible to calculate the optimum curve IL∗(Vdc) from commonly-known system parameters and to control the system from the DC side. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show that maximum power is extracted for actual wind speed profiles.

► A model of three-phase rectifiers for PMSG with constant voltage loads is developed.
► An accurate model of the whole Wind Energy Conversion System is developed.
► Simple sensorless MPPT for small wind turbines is achieved thanks to the model.
► The model avoids the need for experimental or simulation tests.
► Experimental results for actual wind speed profiles validate the analysis.