Australasian resuscitation of sepsis evaluation (ARISE): A multi-centre, prospective, inception cohort study

AimDetermine current resuscitation practices and outcomes in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with sepsis and hypoperfusion or septic shock in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ).MethodsThree-month prospective, multi-centre, observational study of all adult patients with sepsis and hypoperfusion or septic shock in the ED of 32 ANZ tertiary-referral, metropolitan and rural hospitals.Results324 patients were enrolled (mean [SD] age 63.4 [19.2] years, APACHE II score 19.0 [8.2], 52.5% male). Pneumonia (n = 138/324, 42.6%) and urinary tract infection (n = 98/324, 30.2%) were the commonest sources of sepsis. Between ED presentation and 6 hours post-enrolment (T6hrs), 44.4% (n = 144/324) of patients received an intra-arterial catheter, 37% (n = 120/324) a central venous catheter and 0% (n = 0/324) a continuous central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) catheter. Between enrolment and T6hrs, 32.1% (n = 104/324) received a vasopressor infusion, 7.4% (n = 24/324) a red blood cell transfusion, 2.5% (n = 8/324) a dobutamine infusion and 18.5% (n = 60/324) invasive mechanical ventilation. Twenty patients (6.2%) were transferred from ED directly to the operating theatre, 36.4% (n = 118/324) were admitted directly to ICU, 1.2% (n = 4/324) died in the ED and 56.2% (n = 182/324) were transferred to the hospital floor. Overall ICU admission rate was 52.4% (n = 170/324). ICU and overall in-hospital mortality were 18.8% (n = 32/170) and 23.1% (n = 75/324) respectively. In-hospital mortality was not different between patients admitted to ICU (24.7%, n = 42/170) and the hospital floor (21.4%, n = 33/154).ConclusionsManagement of ANZ patients presenting to ED with sepsis does not routinely include protocolised, ScvO2-directed resuscitation. In-hospital mortality compares favourably with reported mortality in international sepsis trials and nationwide surveys of resuscitation practices.