Design and cost analysis of low head simple reaction hydro turbine for remote area power supply

This paper is aimed at exploring the performance characteristics of a simple reaction hydro turbine for power generation. Using principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, the governing equations have been identified for an ideal case of no frictional losses. The paper also describes the conception of a cross-pipe rotor for remote area electricity production. Using the ideal governing equations an optimized geometry of the rotor was selected for the working head of 5 m. Theoretical analysis of the self-governing characteristics has been presented. Experiments were carried out for 2, 3, 4 and 5 m head and evaluated against theoretical results. Split pipe turbine model is presented with detail layout, while different methods of experimentation are explored for different output requirements with varied heads. Various losses in the system are discussed, quantified and included in the graphical format. It is also demonstrated that the experimental power outputs do not have the same tendencies as theoretical predictions and decreases due to jet interference beyond a certain rotational speed as it passes the maximum power point.