Serum tau protein level serves as a predictive factor for neurological prognosis in neonatal asphyxia

Background: Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that is present in axons. Elevated tau protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid or serum are associated with several central nervous system diseases and can indicate neuronal injury. Objective: In the present study, we measured and then compared serum tau protein levels between infants with neonatal asphyxia and control subjects. We examined these data to investigate the correlation between serum tau protein levels and neurological outcomes after neonatal asphyxia. Patients and methods: Serum tau protein levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 19 neonates with neonatal asphyxia. Of these 19 neonates, 3 had severe spastic tetraplegia, and 1 had west syndrome. A group of 19 unaffected neonates was included in the study as a control group. Results: Serum tau protein levels on postnatal day 3 were significantly higher in the poor outcome group than those in the good outcome (p = 0.010) and control groups (p = 0.006). On postnatal day 7, serum tau protein levels again were significantly higher in the poor outcome group than those in the good outcome (p = 0.007) and control groups (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The present findings indicate serum tau protein levels measured on postnatal days 3 and 7 can predict neurological prognosis following neonatal asphyxia.