Non-invasive high voltage electrical stimulation as a monitoring tool of nerve root function in lumbosacral surgery

► High voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) is a non-invasive method, with unexpected, transient analgesic effects, able to safely reach maximal motor nerve root stimulation in patients with compressive radiculopathy. ► HVES allows reaching bilateral, simultaneous and maximal stimulation of lumbosacral roots at a level rostral to the operating field in lumbosacral surgery. ► The described technique is a sensitive tool to early detect conduction failure in manipulated lumbosacral motor nerve roots during surgery.