An endoscopic, cadaveric analysis of the roof of the fourth ventricle

We performed endoscopic dissections of the roof of the fourth ventricle in eight fresh human cadaveric heads to characterize the endoscopic anatomy of the roof of the fourth ventricle and the anatomical configuration of the structures forming its roof. We also made three-dimensional (3D) silicone casts of the fourth ventricle in seven formalin-fixed specimens to evaluate the 3D configuration of the structures that create the roof of the fourth ventricle. The roof of the fourth ventricle can be divided into three zones. The upper zone is formed by the superior cerebellar peduncle and superior medullary velum and is associated with the lingula. The middle zone is formed by the inferior cerebellar peduncles and inferior medullary velum and is associated with the nodule in the midline and with the peduncle of the flocculus. The lower zone is formed by the tela choroidea and is associated with the tonsils. The 3D shape of the roof the fourth ventricle resembles that of a rhomboid-based pyramid; the edges of the base represent the borders of the ventricle, and the apex is the cerebellar fastigium. The lateral recess is shaped like a triangular-based pyramid, with its base connected to the cavity of the fourth ventricle and its tip opening into the lateral cerebellomedullary cistern through the foramen of Luschka. Our results may help in the endoscopic exploration of and microsurgical approaches to the fourth ventricle through its roof.