Dyselectrolytemias and acid-base disorder in acute kidney injury

Acid-base disturbances are frequently seen in acute kidney injury patients, common being mild anion gap metabolic acidosis. Similarly, electrolyte disturbances like hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia are common in acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury occurring in intensive, and critical care setting have more complex acid-base and electrolyte disturbances with multiple mechanism and etiology. It is difficult to separate the acid-base effects critical illness from that of acute renal failure and in such setting quantitative physicochemical methods like strong ion difference help to understand the nature of disturbance. This review focuses on nature of acid-base electrolytes disturbances seen in acute kidney injury patients along with its mechanism and etiology.