Treatment of traumatic dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the cranial fossa: development of a probable treatment algorithm

This study summarizes our experience of treating three rare cases of traumatic superior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the cranial fossa and provides a potential treatment algorithm. Between the years 2002 and 2012, three patients with traumatic superior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the cranial fossa were admitted to our department. After evaluating the interval from injury to treatment, the associated facial injuries including neurological complications, and the computed tomography imaging findings, an individualized treatment plan was developed for each patient. One patient underwent closed reduction under general anaesthesia. Two patients underwent open reduction with craniotomy and glenoid fossa reconstruction. All three patients were followed up for 1 year. Mouth opening and occlusal function recovered well, but all patients had mandibular deviation during mouth opening. Closed reduction under general anaesthesia, open surgical reduction with craniotomy, and mandibular condylotomy are the three main treatment methods for traumatic superior dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the cranial fossa. The treatment method should be selected on the basis of the interval from injury to treatment, associated facial injuries including neurological complications, and computed tomography imaging findings.