The effect of injectable calcium phosphate cement on bone anchorage of titanium implants: an experimental feasibility study in dogs

Calcium phosphate has high osteotransductive potential. The injectable form of calcium phosphate cement (ICAP) can be used as an adjunctive supportive agent for dental implants. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an ICAP on the reverse torque resistance of titanium implants. Two implant beds (total 24) were prepared in each proximal tibia of 6 beagles. ICAP was injected into one of prepared implant beds (test) and the implant was inserted. The next implant was inserted without ICAP to serve as control. Three dogs were killed after 2 weeks and 3 after 12 weeks. Retrieved implants were subjected to reverse torque test. Results were analyzed with Student's t-test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for further evaluation. Mean torque values in 2-week healed implants were 52.48 N cm and 50.57 N cm for test and control implants, respectively (p = 0.4). 12-week healed implants showed 81.61 N cm and 76.71 N cm for test and control implants, respectively (p = 0.14). Results indicated no statistical difference between test and control implants for either healing time. SEM images of tested samples revealed close contact between the bone-ICAP-titanium surface. ICAP must be tested on further developed experimental models.