Different Etio-Pathogenesis in Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Developing Country: Histomorphometric Evidence

The present study was conducted to compare histomorphometric parameters of umbilical cord and its vessels in intrauterine growth retarded fetuses and normally grown fetuses. The study was conducted on umbilical cords taken from thirty intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) fetuses and thirty normally grown fetuses (NGA). Histomorphometric parameters were measured with the help of planimeter. In the present study it was found that in cross section the total umbilical cord area in IUGR group is 59.00+3.67 mm2 and in the control group is 75.91+4.77mm2 (p<0.05). Jelly area in IUGR group is 47.90+3.11 mm2 and in control group is 60.26+4.55 mm2 (p<0.05). Total vessel area in control group is 15.45+1.73 mm2 and in IUGR group is 10.95±1.20mm2 (p <0.05). Total umbilical cord area, umbilical cord jelly area and total vessel area are significantly lower in the IUGR group but no significant difference was observed in total luminal area, total area of blood vessels and wall thickness of umbilical blood vessels. So in the study it was found that histomorphometric parameters of umbilical cord of IUGR fetuses are significantly lower than that of normally grown fetuses of similar gestational age.