Orbital, Mediastinal, and Cervicofacial Subcutaneous Emphysema after Endodontic Retreatment of a Mandibular Premolar: A Case Report

SCE may go undetected or misdiagnosed. Complications may be fatal. Therefore, clinicians should apply preventive measures and know how to identify and manage SCE. We review reports of SCE in the last century, discuss etiology and differential diagnosis, and present recommendations for prevention and management of SCE.