Efficacy of Needle Irrigation, EndoActivator, and Photon-initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Technique on Removal of Double and Triple Antibiotic Pastes

PIPS was more effective in removing both DAP and TAP from artificial grooves in root canals than the EndoActivator System and needle irrigation. The EndoActivator was also more effective than needle irrigation. It is difficult to completely remove antibiotic pastes from root canals.