Evaluation and Management of Moderate to Severe Pediatric Head Trauma

A case of pediatric head trauma is presented with a detailed discussion of current concepts in evaluation and treatment. Management of the moderate to severe head-injured child is reviewed, and best practices for emergency department treatment are discussed. Background: Pediatric head trauma is a common and potentially devastating injury. Thorough knowledge of the clinical evaluation and treatment will assist the emergency physician in providing optimal care. Discussion: Using a case-based scenario, the initial management strategies along with rationale evidence-based treatments are reviewed. Conclusions: Computed tomography scan is the diagnostic test of choice for the moderate to severe head-injured pediatric patient. Several unique scales to describe and prognosticate the head injury are discussed, although currently, the Glasgow Coma Scale is still the most commonly accepted one. Similar to the adult patient, avoidance of hypotension and hypoxia are key to decreasing mortality. Etomidate and succinylcholine remain the choice of medications for intubation. Hyperventilation should be avoided.