Coeliac disease in autoimmune liver disease: A cross-sectional study and a systematic review

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported an association between coeliac disease and autoimmune liver disease, but there is little information on the prevalence of coeliac disease in certain autoimmune liver diseases, particularly from non-European, non-American countries.AimsTo investigate prevalence of coeliac disease in autoimmune liver disease in Iran and to summarize previous literature.MethodsWe investigated prevalence of coeliac disease among 100 autoimmune liver disease patients and compared it with the prevalence in healthy individuals. We also performed an extensive search of the English literature in PubMed Database.ResultsWe found substantially elevated prevalence of coeliac disease in patients with overlap syndrome (10–15%) compared to the general population (0.1–1%). To a lesser extent, the prevalence was high in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (2–4%). In our systematic review, prevalence of coeliac disease in autoimmune hepatitis in the majority of studies was 4% or more; several studies also reported such prevalence in primary biliary cirrhosis.ConclusionsSince coeliac disease is common among patients with autoimmune liver disease, screening autoimmune liver disease patients for coeliac disease is indicated. Although the magnitude of benefit from a gluten-free diet in reversing autoimmune liver disease in patients with coeliac disease is controversial, it may reduce the risk of further complications of coeliac disease.