Pro-inflammatory Interleukin-18 and Caspase-1 serum levels in liver failure are unaffected by MARS treatment

BackgroundThe pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 and its activator Caspase-1 are involved in acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic-liver-failure. In acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic-liver-failure, the MARS system has been used to support liver function. Enhancement of IL-18, as seen in other extracorporeal-support systems like hemodialysis might thus have mitigated beneficial effects of the MARS system in acute hepatic failure.Patients and methodsWe measured serum concentrations of IL-18 and Caspase-1 in 10 patients with acute liver failure and 10 patients suffering from acute-on-chronic-liver-failure, who were all treated with MARS. Thirteen patients suffering from chronic hepatic failure and 15 healthy individuals served as controls. Data are given as mean with 95% CI.ResultsBaseline IL-18 serum concentrations were significantly increased in acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic-liver-failure patients as compared to chronic hepatic failure (P = 0.0039 and P = 0.0011, respectively) and controls (P = 0.0028 and P = 0.0014, respectively). Caspase-1 serum concentrations were as well significantly elevated in the acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic-liver-failure groups as compared to chronic hepatic failure patients (P = 0.0039 and P = 0.0232, respectively) and controls P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0007, respectively). IL-18 and Caspase-1 did not change significantly during MARS treatment in acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic-liver-failure patients.ConclusionsMARS had no effect on IL-18 and Caspase-1 serum concentrations in acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic-liver-failure, providing no evidence of harmful effects by the increase of these potentially hepatocidal cytokines.