La supplémentation vitaminique a-t-elle une place en pathologie cardio-métabolique ?

Vitamins are able to reduce the oxidative stress induced by tobacco consumption, excessive nutrient intake, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperglycemia. They may also reduce hyperhomocysteinemia involved in the cardiovascular diseases. Today there is no evidence to support the use of vitamin supplements in the general healthy population. Evidence is insufficient to promote a multivitamin supplementation recommendation. However, some nutrient supplements may be considered in at-risk populations, such as folic acid at the periconceptional stage of pregnancy, antioxidant in particular forms of age-related macular degeneration, or B-group vitamins in chronic alcoholism and in particular situations such as bariatric surgery. Oxidative stress has been considered as a contributor for both the development of atherosclerosis lesions and the onset and progression of diabetes and its related complications. Although many past large-scale observational studies have suggested beneficial effects of vitamin supplementation, there is limited evidence in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Evidence is insufficient to recommend a multivitamin supplementation in the absence of vitamin deficiency; furthermore, vitamin E and b-carotene are susceptible to increase certain cancers' risk.