Antineuronal antibodies in a group of children with obsessive–compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome

An autoimmune hypothesis has been suggested for early onset obsessive–compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome. The term: Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) has been proposed as an aetiological subtype of OCD and TS, related to a Group A beta haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection that triggers an autoimmune response. Antineural antibodies have been studied and found in the sera of some patients with these disorders, and they are thought to cross-react with streptococcal and basal ganglia antigens. The present study included 32 prepubertal-onset OCD patients, 21 with TS diagnosis (some of them meeting criteria for PANDAS) and 19 normal children, all aged between 9 and 17 years. Antibodies were assayed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. Special attention was paid to the methodology and a high serum dilution was used to minimize non-specific binding. No anti-basal ganglia antibodies were detected by immunohistochemistry in any of the samples. Two proteins, with approximate molecular weights of 86 kDa and 55 kDa, were found in sera from 7 patients. Though the study supports the hypothesis of an autoimmune process underlying OCD or TS in some patients, further research is needed.