Assessment of Fibrosis Progression in Untreated Irish Women With Chronic Hepatitis C Contracted From Immunoglobulin Anti-D

Background & Aims: In 1996 we initiated a retrospective-prospective study in 184 untreated women infected in 1977 with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). To provide insight into the natural history of HCV, we determined liver fibrosis outcomes and any predictors of such. Methods: Baseline 1994 biopsy specimens (size, ≥15 mm; portal areas, ≥5) and sequential biopsy specimens were assessed by Ishak score for grade change (increase or decrease of ≥2 points) and stage progression or regression (increase or reduction of ≥1 point), the latter correlated with digital quantification of fibrosis percentage. Results: No baseline biopsy specimens had cirrhosis, therefore all could potentially progress. Grade and stage scores decreased or increased significantly in 28% and 18% and 24% and 27% of patients, respectively. There was a positive correlation between baseline and sequential grade/stage scores (r = .39, P < .001), and between semiquantitative Ishak scores and fibrosis percentage (Spearman rho = .85; P < .01). Baseline alanine transaminase values (mean, 49 U/L; range, 23-363 U/L) correlated positively with changes in grade (r = .41, P < .01) and stage (r = .39, P < .01), and regression analyses indicated that baseline alanine transaminase value was a good predictor of such changes. Confounding variables (alcohol, smoking, and herbal and paracetamol [acetaminophen] use) did not correlate with histologic outcomes. Conclusions: In a follow-up study, 49% of patients showed no change in fibrosis, 24% showed regression, and only 27% showed progression, including 4 patients (2.1%) who developed stage 6 cirrhosis. Unidirectional sequential grade/stage concordance attested to biopsy sample reliability. Given the current age of these women in their fifth decade, some still may have a risk for more advanced liver disease, but for most of these patients it appears unlikely.