Coloration et maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI)

The risk of colorectal cancer in case of IBD-related pancolitis reaches 2% after 10 years follow-up, 8% after 20 years up to 18% at 30 years, and was probably over-estimated in the first series. Chromoendoscopy appears to be helpful in the surveillance of IBD, and moreover recommended, using carmine indigo or methylene blue with a well-standardized procedure. Its place regarding other techniques like virtual coloration has to be clarified with randomized studies. The chromoendoscopy allows the operator to perform targeted biopsies, which appear to be more efficient for the detection of dysplasia than systematic biopsies performed every 10 cm. Nevertheless, it is too soon to remove systematic biopsies from scientific recommendations.