Annexin A2 Mediates Up-regulation of NF-κB, β-catenin, and Stem Cell in Response to Progastrin in Mice and HEK-293 Cells

AnxA2 expression is required for the biologic effects of progastrin in vivo and in vitro and mediates the stimulatory effect of progastrin on p65NF-κ, β-catenin, and the putative stem cell markers DCAMKL+1 and CD44. AnxA2 might therefore mediate the hyperproliferative and cocarcinogenic effects of progastrin.