A conceptual framework for understanding self-regulation in adults

Multiple models of self-regulation have been posited, yet despite the apparent overlap between them, there is no common theoretical framework to unite the many theories. Authors in the area of self-regulation research have noted the lack of cross-field communication due to the absence of a conceptual framework and of common terms to describe self-regulatory processes (Bandura, 2005, Boekaerts et al., 2005 and Karoly et al., 2005). The objective of the current review is to propose a common lexicon and a comprehensive model to integrate and organize the extant self-regulation research, thereby facilitating the understanding of self-regulation. The proposed model revisits classic cybernetic theory (Wiener, 1948), and is composed of a reference, input, comparator, and output. Each of these components is represented in current self-regulation theory, and is discussed as it relates to self-regulation models and ongoing empirical research.

► Models of self-regulation have proliferated across many areas of psychology.
► We propose organizing models of self-regulation according to cybernetic theory.
► The cybernetic components of reference, input, comparator, and output are used.
► This framework identifies gaps in current theories and provides a common lexicon.