Simulation and Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery

Simulation marks a new era for surgical education. No longer are technical skills solely learned in the OR through a traditional apprenticeship model of training. Instead, the acquisition of new skills and development of basic surgical proficiency are moving to a simulated environment in the surgical skills laboratory. Basic surgical tasks and some advanced surgical techniques can be replicated in the skills laboratory, allowing both trainees and practicing surgeons to gain proficiency in these skills. In addition to being a valuable component of surgical training, simulation provides a venue for the development of colorectal surgical innovation and the advancement of surgical technology. This article will review the use of simulation in minimally invasive colorectal surgery, including laparoscopy, single-incision laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, transanal endoscopic surgery, and finally, natural orifice transluminal endoscopy surgery. The role of simulation in surgical board certification and maintenance of certification will also be discussed.