Sequential embolization of the branches of the bile duct and portal vein to the targeted hepatic lobe in rats

BackgroundThe high recurrence rate of hepatolithiasis and the high operative risk of right posterior, caudate or multiple lobe hepatectomy are the unsettled problems in hepatobiliary surgery. The present study was to investigate the efficacy of chemical hepatectomy performed via applying sequential embolization of the branches of the bile duct and portal vein to the targeted hepatic lobe.MethodsThe bile duct and portal vein branches of the median hepatic lobe of rats were treated with: 1) bile duct embolization followed by portal vein ligation (BDE+PVL) and 2) portal vein ligation followed by bile duct embolization (PVL+BDE). The efficacy of chemical hepatectomy in BDE+PVL and PVL+BDE groups was compared with that of sole BDE by histology and Western blotting analysis of collagen I expression.ResultsAfter six weeks of the chemical hepatectomy, rats in the BDE group showed hepatocyte damages, fibrosis and “self-cut” only in the periphery of the embolized lobe. In contrast, rats in the PVL+BDE and BDE+PVL groups exhibited complete necrosis of hepatocytes and replacement with proliferative ductules and collagen fibers, leading to complete fibrosis and “self-cut” phenomenon in the whole targeted lobe. Collagen I expression in the PVL+BDE group was slightly higher than that in the BDE+PVL group; however, no statistically significant difference was noted.ConclusionThe sequential embolization of the bile duct and portal vein branches to the targeted hepatic lobe may be a feasible and effective approach to acheive the ideal effect of chemical hepatectomy in a short period of time.