Unusual Finding of HTLV-I Infection among Amazonian Amerindians

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II is a retrovirus endemic in Amerindian communities throughout the American continent, although some Amerindian groups that apparently emerged from the same ethnic root as HTLV-II carriers do not secrete antibodies against the virus and show very low prevalence for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. In this study, sera from 487 Amazonian amerinds were screened for HTLV type I and II antibody by the gelatin particle agglutination assay and ELISA and confirmed by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. None was positive for HTLV type II. One young healthy male of Waiãpi ethnicity was reactive with HTLV-I and was confirmed by Western blot assay and indirect immunofluorescence test. The absence of HTLV type II infection among these Amerindian communities would suggest a behavior pattern distinct from other groups in the American continent. Also, the very low prevalence of HTLV type I infection among these ethnic groups probably indicates contamination by blood transfusion (external transmission route).