Sub-chronic exposure to EOMABRS leachate induces germinal epithelial cell lesions, sperm abnormalities and oxidative damage in rats

ObjectivesTo explore the possible link between reproductive abnormalities among men and exposure of toxic chemicals in the environment.MethodsThe study investigated the sperm functions and the antioxidant defence system of rats exposed to leachate obtained from Elewi Odo municipal battery recycling site (EOMABRSL) via oral route.ResultsEOMABRSL had significant effects on both absolute and relative testicular weight. Formation of sperm abnormalities was observed following EOMABRSL exposure. Antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly altered in the testes resulting into increased lipid peroxidation. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) depleted relative to the control group. Considerable necrosis of leydig cells and loss of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules with the clumping of interstitial space were seen in EOMABRSL-treated rats. The mechanism of toxicity is linked to individual, synergistic, antagonistic, competitive or collective interaction of the metals with normal testicular biochemical processes.ConclusionThe study concluded that possible mechanisms by which EOMABRSL at the investigated doses elicits spermatotoxicity could be linked to the testicular oxidative stress and damage to germinal epithelial cells by mixed-metal exposure. However, this may suggest possible reproductive health hazards in subjects with environmental or industrial exposure.