Prevalence and clinical profile and management of peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients with diabetes

IntroductionPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) increases with age and diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PAD in an elderly population with diabetes.MethodsThis multicenter and cross-sectional study included patients > 70 years, with an established diagnosis of diabetes. PAD was defined as those patients with a history of revascularization or amputation due to ischemia, or a pathological ankle-brachial index (ABI). Adequate blood pressure (BP), LDL cholesterol and HbA1c control were considered as < 130/80 mm Hg, < 100 mg⁄dL and < 7.0%, respectively.ResultsA total of 1462 patients were included. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factor and cardiovascular disease were hypertension (80.37%) and PAD (60.60% overall; 83.2% of those assisted by vascular surgeons vs 31.9% of those attended by other medical specialists; p < 0.001), respectively. However, when ABI was measured, 70.99% of the study population had PAD (80.2% of those assisted by vascular surgeons vs 59.6% of those attended by other medical specialists; p < 0.001). The predictors for a pathological ABI included male gender, smoking, dyslipidemia, family history of premature cardiovascular disease, sedentary lifestyle, diabetic-related complications, heart and cerebrovascular diseases. Although risk factors control was very poor, it was even lower in patients with PAD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PAD is high in diabetic elderly patients. The concomitance with other risk factors and cardiovascular diseases was very high. The ABI allowed increasing the diagnosis of PAD.