The importance of physics to progress in medical treatment

SummaryPhysics in therapy is as diverse as it is substantial. In this review, we highlight the role of physics—occasionally transitioning into engineering—through discussion of several established and emerging treatments. We specifically address minimal access surgery, ultrasound, photonics, and interventional MRI, identifying areas in which complementarity is being exploited. We also discuss some of the fundamental physical principles involved in the application of each treatment to medical practice.